Collaboration on development projects has become a central element in the software field. In this regard, the pull requests play a fundamental role in improving the contribution process. Whether you’re a new or experienced developer, understanding how this feature works can make your job a lot easier. In this article, I will explain in detail how to create a pull request In GitLab, as well as the steps to follow for its management.
Understanding the pull request
What is a pull request?
A pull request is a request made by a contributor to integrate their changes into a main repository. This process is essential for managing changes made by team members while ensuring code quality. Indeed, before accepting changes, it is common to carry out a code review, which allows you to discuss the changes, ask questions and possibly suggest improvements.
The difference between pull request and merge request
Although the term pull request is widely used, GitLab refers to this action as a merge request. The concept remains the same, but the terms may vary depending on the platform. In all cases, the goal is to integrate a set of changes made to a branch of the repository into the main branch.
Preparations for making a pull request
Create a fork of the project
Before performing a pull request, it is often necessary to create a fork of the original project. This process involves creating a copy of the repository in your own workspace, allowing you to modify the code without directly impacting the main project. To do this, you must go to the original GitLab repository and select the option dedicated to the fork.
Clone the forked repository
Once the fork created, you will need to clone your local copy. This is done using the following git command in your terminal:
This command will download the files from the repository which will allow you to work on your modification locally.
Make changes and create a branch
Make the necessary changes
With the repository cloned to your machine, you can start making the required changes. It is recommended to create a new branch for each changeset. This helps maintain clear organization and avoid confusion. To create a branch, use the following command:
Add and validate your changes
After making the changes, the next step is to add them to the index and commit them. To do this, the following commands will be necessary:
This process saves all your changes to the local repository.
Create a pull request on GitLab
Branch push to GitLab
Once your changes are ready, it’s time to push them to your fork on GitLab. This is done with the command:
This action will update your remote repository with the changes made to the specified branch.
Create the merge request
After pushing the changes, you now need to create a merge request. On the interface of GitLab, go to your forked repository. You should see an alert informing you of recent changes to your branch, with the option to create a merge request. Click the corresponding button and follow the instructions to fill out your application details.
Manage and finalize the pull request
Code review
Once the merge request Once created, it will be submitted for review by other team members or the main maintainer. This involves a discussion around the proposed changes. Reviewers will be able to leave comments, ask questions, or suggest additional edits. It is essential to remain open to feedback as it can be beneficial for the project.
Make adjustments if necessary
Based on feedback from the review, you may need to make adjustments to your code. To do this, simply make the changes locally, commit them again and push them to the same branch. Your merge request will automatically update with these new changes.
Merge request
When the feedback is satisfied and all checks are validated, the maintainer will be able to merge the merge request. This process integrates your changes into the main branch of the project. It is common to notify the contributors involved in the process once the merge is complete.
Tips for optimizing your pull requests
Write clear commit messages
A good commit message should explain the changes made, making it easier to understand the changes made. A clear message not only helps you but also those who will review your application in the future.
Keep pull requests concise
It is best to keep the pull requests small and focused. Major changes can make the review process more complex. By targeting specific changes, we facilitate acceptance and understanding of adjustments.
Use automated tests
Integrate tests into your code before submitting a merge request can be an asset. Automated tests not only guarantee the proper functioning of modifications, but also reassure the maintainer about the stability of the project.